English, English writing, Reading 

This special Compact Edition has been created to offer additional flexibility
and convenience for those who have requested it for their students. It has the
same content as the “regular” Evergreen Ninth Edition, with the exception that the
practice exercises, with their accompanying write-on lines, have been moved to
a separate Workbook. This enables us to provide Evergreen in a more convenient
and portable size, and allows students to complete and turn in practice exercises
without damaging the main text. An Annotated Instructor’s Edition of the
Workbook provides answers to all of the practice exercises as well as margin
annotations including Teaching Tips, ESL Tips, and Learning Styles Tips. 

PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii

UNIT 1 Getting Started 2
1 Exploring the Writing
Process 3
A. The Writing Process 3
Exploring Online 4
B. Subject, Audience, and Purpose 5
Exploring Online 6
2 Prewriting to Generate
Ideas 7
A. Freewriting 7
B. Brainstorming 9
C. Clustering 10
D. Asking Questions 11
E. Keeping a Journal 13
Exploring Online 16

UNIT 2 Discovering the
Paragraph 18
3 The Process of Writing
Paragraphs 19
A. Defining and Looking at the Paragraph 19
B. Narrowing the Topic and Writing
the Topic Sentence 21
C. Generating Ideas for the Body 24

D. Selecting and Dropping Ideas 25
E. Arranging Ideas in a Plan or an Outline 26
F. Writing and Revising the Paragraph 27
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing Basic
Paragraphs 33
Exploring Online 34
4 Achieving Coherence 35
A. Coherence Through Order 35
Exploring Online 41
B. Coherence Through Related
Sentences 42
Exploring Online 44
Exploring Online 47
Exploring Online 48

UNIT 3 Developing the
Paragraph 50

5 Illustration 51

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing an
Illustration Paragraph 55
Suggested Topic Sentences for Illustration
Paragraphs 56
Exploring Online 56
6 Narration 58

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Narrative Paragraph 60
Suggested Topics for Narrative
Paragraphs 61
Exploring Online 62
7 Description 63

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Descriptive Paragraph 66
Suggested Topics for Descriptive
Paragraphs 67
Exploring Online 68
8 Process 69

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Process Paragraph 73
Suggested Topics for Process Paragraphs 73
Exploring Online 74
9 Definition 75
A. Single-Sentence Definitions 75
B. The Definition Paragraph 78
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Definition Paragraph 81
Suggested Topics for Definition
Paragraphs 81
Exploring Online 82
10 Comparison and Contrast 83
A. The Contrast Paragraph and
the Comparison Paragraph 83
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Comparison or Contrast
Paragraph 88
Suggested Topics for Comparison
or Contrast Paragraphs 89
B. The Comparison and Contrast
Paragraph 89
Suggested Topics for Comparison
and Contrast Paragraphs 91
Exploring Online 91
11 Classification 92

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Classification Paragraph 95
Suggested Topics for Classification
Paragraphs 95
Exploring Online 96
12 Cause and Effect 97
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Cause and Effect Paragraph 101
Suggested Topics for Cause and Effect
Paragraphs 102
Exploring Online 102
13 Persuasion 104

CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Persuasive Paragraph 109
Suggested Topics for Persuasive
Paragraphs 110
Exploring Online 111

UNIT 4 Writing the
Essay 112
14 The Process of Writing
an Essay 113
A. Looking at the Essay 113
B. Writing the Thesis Statement 117
C. Generating Ideas for the Body 120
D. Organizing Ideas into an Outline 121
E. Ordering and Linking Paragraphs
in the Essay 124
F. Writing and Revising Essays 129
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
an Essay 136
Suggested Topics for Essays 136
Exploring Online 137
15 The Introduction, the Conclusion,
and the Title 138
A. The Introduction 138
B. The Conclusion 141
C. The Title 143
Exploring Online 146
16 Types of Essays, Part 1 147
A. The Illustration Essay 147
B. The Narrative Essay 150
C. The Descriptive Essay 154
D. The Process Essay 157
E. The Definition Essay 160
Exploring Online 163
17 Types of Essays, Part 2 164
A. The Comparison and the Contrast
Essay 164
B. The Classification Essay 168
C. The Cause and Effect Essay 171
D. The Persuasive Essay 175
Exploring Online 179
18 Summarizing, Quoting,
and Avoiding Plagiarism 180
A. Avoiding Plagiarism 180
B. Writing a Summary 181
CHECKLIST The Process of Writing
a Summary 184
C. Using Direct and Indirect Quotation 185
Exploring Online 187
19 Strengthening an Essay
with Research 188
A. Improving an Essay with Research 188
B. Finding and Evaluating Outside Sources:
Library and Internet 192
C. Adding Sources to Your Essay and
Documenting Them Correctly 196
Suggested Topics for Research 203
Exploring Online 204
20 Writing Under Pressure:
The Essay Examination 205
A. Budgeting Your Time 206
B. Reading and Understanding the Essay
Question 207
C. Choosing the Correct Paragraph or Essay
Pattern 207
D. Writing the Topic Sentence or the Thesis
Statement 209
CHECKLIST The Process of Answering
an Essay Question 210
Exploring Online 210

UNIT 5 Improving Your
Writing 212
21 Revising for Consistency
and Parallelism 213
A. Consistent Tense 213
B. Consistent Number and Person 214
C. Parallelism 217
Exploring Online 218
22 Revising for Sentence
Variety 219
A. Mix Long and Short Sentences 220
B. Use a Question, a Command, or an
Exclamation 221
C. Vary the Beginnings of Sentences 223
D. Vary Methods of Joining Ideas 225
E. Avoid Misplaced and Confusing
Modifiers 230
F. Review and Practice 231
Exploring Online 232
23 Revising for Language
Awareness 233
A. Exact Language: Avoiding Vagueness 233
B. Concise Language: Avoiding
Wordiness 235
C. Fresh Language: Avoiding Triteness 236
D. Figurative Language: Similes and
Metaphors 237
Exploring Online 239
24 Putting Your Revision Skills
to Work 240
Exploring Online 244

UNIT 6 Reviewing the
Basics 246
25 The Simple Sentence 247
A. Defining and Spotting Subjects 247
B. Spotting Prepositional Phrases 248
C. Defining and Spotting Verbs 249
Exploring Online 251
26 Coordination and
Subordination 252
A. Coordination 252
B. Subordination 253
C. Semicolons 255
D. Conjunctive Adverbs 256
E. Review 257
Exploring Online 258
27 Avoiding Sentence
Errors 259
A. Avoiding Run-Ons and Comma
Splices 259
B. Avoiding Fragments 260
Exploring Online 265
28 Present Tense
(Agreement) 266
A. Defining Subject-Verb Agreement 266
B. Three Troublesome Verbs in the Present
Tense: To Be, To Have, To Do 268
C. Special Singular Constructions 269
D. Separation of Subject and Verb 270
E. Sentences Beginning with There
and Here 270
F. Agreement in Questions 271
G. Agreement in Relative Clauses 271
Exploring Online 272
29 Past Tense 273
A. Regular Verbs in the Past Tense 273
B. Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense 274
C. A Troublesome Verb in the Past Tense:
To Be 276
D. Troublesome Pairs in the Past Tense:
Can/Could, Will/Would 276
Exploring Online 277
30 The Past Participle 278
A. Past Participles of Regular Verbs 278
B. Past Participles of Irregular Verbs 279
C. Using the Present Perfect Tense 281
D. Using the Past Perfect Tense 282
E. Using the Passive Voice (To Be and the Past
Participle) 282
F. Using the Past Participle as an
Adjective 283
Exploring Online 284
31 Nouns 285
A. Defining Singular and Plural 285
B. Signal Words: Singular and Plural 287
C. Signal Words with of 288
Exploring Online 289
32 Pronouns 290
A. Defining Pronouns and Antecedents 290
B. Making Pronouns and Antecedents
Agree 291
C. Referring to Antecedents Clearly 293
D. Special Problems of Case 294
E. Using Pronouns with -self and -selves 298
Exploring Online 299
33 Prepositions 300
A. Working with Prepositional
Phrases 300
B. Prepositions in Common
Expressions 301
Exploring Online 304
34 Adjectives and Adverbs 305
A. Defining and Using Adjectives
and Adverbs 305
B. The Comparative and the Superlative 307
C. A Troublesome Pair: Good/Well 308
Exploring Online 309
35 The Apostrophe 310
A. The Apostrophe for Contractions 310
B. The Apostrophe for Ownership 311
C. Special Uses of the Apostrophe 312
Exploring Online 313
36 The Comma 314
A. Commas for Items in a Series 314
B. Commas with Introductory Phrases,
Transitional Expressions,
and Parentheticals 315
C. Commas for Appositives 316
D. Commas with Nonrestrictive and
Restrictive Clauses 317
E. Commas for Dates and Addresses 317
F. Minor Uses of the Comma 318
Exploring Online 319
37 Mechanics 320
A. Capitalization 320
B. Titles 321
C. Direct Quotations 322
D. Minor Marks of Punctuation 323
Exploring Online 324
38 Putting Your Proofreading
Skills to Work 325
Exploring Online 325

UNIT 7 Strengthening Your

Spelling 326

39 Spelling 327
A. Suggestions for Improving Your
Spelling 327
B. Computer Spell Checkers 328
C. Spotting Vowels and Consonants 329
D. Doubling the Final Consonant (in Words
of One Syllable) 329
E. Doubling the Final Consonant (in Words
of More Than One Syllable) 330
F. Dropping or Keeping the Final E 330
G. Changing or Keeping the Final Y 331
H. Adding -S or -ES 331
I. Choosing IE or EI 332
J. Spelling Lists 332
Exploring Online 334
40 Look-Alikes/Sound-Alikes 335
Exploring Online 341

UNIT 8 Reading

Selections 342
Reading Strategies for Writers 343
How Sunglasses Spanned the World 345
Hunger Nilsa Mariano 346
The Flip Side of Internet Fame Jessica Bennett 350
Dear Dads: Save Your Sons
Christopher N. Bacorn 354
A Brother’s Murder Brent Staples 358
Only Daughter Sandra Cisneros 362
Good Grammar Gets the Girl Elissa Englund 366
A Risk-Free Life Leonard Pitts 370

When Greed Gives Way to Giving Ana Veciana-
Suarez 373
Two Ways to Belong in America Bharati
Mukherjee 375
Cell Yell: Thanks for (Not) Sharing
Eric A. Taub 379
Driving While Stupid Dave Barry 384
Book War Wang Ping 387
Four Types of Courage Karen Castellucci Cox 390
On the Rez Ian Frazier 394
Why the M Word Matters to Me Andrew
Sullivan 399
The Case for Torture Michael Levin 402
Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self
Alice Walker 405
Quotation Bank 414
Appendix 419
Credits 426
Index 428
Rhetorical Index 434









 

Note: Includes references and index.